Trend · rank 46 of 250

External liquidity buffer requirements

Volatile capital flows and larger cross-border liabilities are raising the reserves and swap lines a nation needs, making financial autonomy depend on buffers it can use quickly under stress.

Financial StrengthMoney & debtdebt financegeoeconomicsresilience

Second pass: Added in the second pass. Held by all three panel models.

Sensitivity and network position

Rank
46of 250
Sensitivity
15.0rank 44
Breadth
1of 20 scenarios High or above, 1 Critical
PageRank
48.0rank 51
Eigenvector
9.4
Betweenness
30.5
Links
15trends at Moderate similarity or above
Composite
32.9

Attention over three years

How much this trend is read about on Wikipedia and searched for on Google, week by week, set against the typical trend in the list so that what moves every trend at once is taken out. 100 is this trend's own three-year average. The score measures public attention, which is not the same as the strength of the force: a trend can deepen unnoticed, and a news event can lift attention for a fortnight.

Now
93
Over a year
−12%Easing
Over three years
−9%
Peak
20817 Dec 2023
Sources
Bothagreement 0.05
Coverage
19languages · 51 nations

Trailing 4-week average. 100 is this trend’s three-year average.

By language

Wikipedia reading in each language edition where the trend’s pages are read enough to measure (19 of 28). Share is of all the readers counted.

LanguageShareNowOver a yearThree years
English45%99−9%
Russian12%125+25%
Chinese10%121+38%
Japanese6%85−31%
German6%103+3%
Spanish5%73−31%
French4%99+5%
Polish2%80−19%
Korean2%66−21%
Arabic2%86−22%
Portuguese1%70−37%
Vietnamese1%102−8%
Italian1%78−40%
Thai1%80−46%
Persian1%135+17%
Indonesian1%78+6%
Hebrew0%79−34%
Bengali0%93−47%
Hindi0%26−5%

By country

Google search interest over the three years, as a share of each country’s searching. 100 is the nation where interest is highest. The search terms are English, which favours countries that search in English.

India

Singapore

Pakistan

South Korea

Sri Lanka

China

United Arab Emirates

Bangladesh

Kenya

Nepal

Nigeria

United States

100

84

75

51

44

42

42

40

37

33

31

28

The 12 highest of 51 nations with a reading.

By region and G20 member

Attention to this trend inside each place, from Google searches made in its countries and Wikipedia reading in the languages mostly read there, averaged where both exist. Each line compares the trend with its own past in that place; the lines do not compare places.

Regions

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
North AmericaGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in English92−33%−12%+1%
EuropeWikipedia in German, French, Italian, Polish93+1%−10%−10%
Indo-PacificGoogle in 4 countries + Wikipedia in Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Thai99−7%0%−5%
South AsiaGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in Hindi, Bengali71−2%−13%−55%
Gulf and Middle EastWikipedia in Persian, Arabic, Hebrew100+3%−12%+7%
Latin America and CaribbeanGoogle in 1 country + Wikipedia in Spanish, Portuguese86−3%−20%−18%
Russia and EurasiaWikipedia in Russian125+32%+25%+27%

G20 members

PlaceRead fromNow90 days1 year3 yearsThree years
BrazilGoogle + Wikipedia in Portuguese85+7%−22%−7%
FranceWikipedia in French99+19%+5%−17%
GermanyWikipedia in German103+10%+3%+14%
IndiaGoogle + Wikipedia in Hindi, Bengali71−2%−13%−55%
IndonesiaGoogle + Wikipedia in Indonesian90−45%+34%+3%
ItalyWikipedia in Italian78−12%−40%−28%
JapanGoogle + Wikipedia in Japanese98−11%−8%−19%
South KoreaGoogle + Wikipedia in Korean73−3%−30%−27%
RussiaWikipedia in Russian125+32%+25%+27%
United StatesGoogle + Wikipedia in English92−33%−12%+1%

Relation to each scenario

A trend relates to a scenario when it changes how likely the scenario is, how hard it lands, or is itself sharply changed by it. Each score is the median of three scores given separately by the members of the model panel.

RelationScenarioFamily
6 · CriticalA global funding seizure reaches sovereign balance sheets S02Economic and trade
3 · ModerateA creditor agreement releases fiscal capacity S11 ↗Economic and trade
2 · LowCritical trade divides into rival blocs S01Economic and trade
2 · LowA cross-regional market access compact redirects investment S12 ↗Economic and trade
2 · LowA great-power agreement lowers economic security barriers S13 ↗Geopolitical and security
1 · Very lowA regional war closes a globally important sea route S03Geopolitical and security
1 · Very lowTwo breadbasket failures trigger a food availability crisis S06Energy, climate and resources
1 · Very lowA major disaster disables the national economic core S07Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedHybrid coercion ends in an infrastructure blackout S04Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedA disputed transfer of power breaks effective government S05Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedAn AI deployment step causes abrupt labour displacement S08Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA cryptographic breakthrough invalidates digital trust S09Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA novel respiratory pathogen exceeds health surge capacity S10Health
0 · Not relatedA verified Middle East settlement restores access S14 ↗Geopolitical and security
0 · Not relatedCheap firm clean power becomes available at scale S15 ↗Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedA validated farming package raises water-efficient output S16 ↗Energy, climate and resources
0 · Not relatedAI-directed research produces a reproducible discovery step S17 ↗Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedA public service platform reaches inclusive operation S18 ↗Technology and infrastructure
0 · Not relatedAffordable preventive treatments reduce chronic illness S19 ↗Health
0 · Not relatedA live outbreak proves rapid distributed pandemic defence S20 ↗Health

Similarity = 0.3 × shared tags (Jaccard) + 0.3 × likeness of scenario profiles (cosine) + 0.3 × likeness of names and descriptions (TF-IDF cosine) + 0.1 if in the same capability domain, cut into seven levels at 0.12, 0.22, 0.33, 0.45, 0.58, 0.72. Shown at Moderate and above.

SimilarityTrendThemeRank
4 · HighDollar dependence & payment fragmentationMoney & debt45
4 · HighDomestic capital market deepeningMoney & debt55
4 · HighSovereign creditor fragmentationMoney & debt88
4 · HighStretched asset valuationsMoney & debt157
3 · ModerateSovereign debt & interest burdenMoney & debt12
3 · ModerateSlow growth & fiscal spaceMoney & debt22
3 · ModerateForeign investment slowdown & selectivityTrade, industry & supply chains23
3 · ModerateConcessional finance scarcityMoney & debt32
3 · ModerateTax base erosion & coordinationMoney & debt41
3 · ModerateFinancial market infrastructure resilienceMoney & debt73
3 · ModerateNon-bank finance growthMoney & debt82
3 · ModerateBank funding & deposit mobilityMoney & debt101
3 · ModerateInsurance retreat & insurabilityEnergy, networks & climate resilience153
3 · ModerateTrade finance & correspondent banking gapsMoney & debt200
3 · ModerateCommercial property repricingMoney & debt217